Wilpattu area is predominantly underlain by a sequence of sedimentary rocks and soils. Though they are not visible at the surface everywhere, it can be observed as a cross section near Kudiramalai Point, a typical site to explain the geological significance of the area. Towards the interior of the park, the rocks change in character from Jaffna Limestone to Vijayan series, which is a complex conglomerate of super-crystal rocks, including crystalline Limestone and granitic Gneiss. Other soil types include clays, in areas of major river systems and their tributaries. Some interesting geological formations are described below.